Summary Iroquois Chiefs Address the governors of new york and virginia Term Paper

Summary Iroquois Chiefs Address the governors of new york and virginia - Term Paper Example s of how they—the Iroquois—have rejected Pennsylvania’s offer to buy the Susquehana River, thus demonstrating the Iroquois’ loyalty to the Duke of York, The Iroquois chiefs are quick to point out, however, that when provoked, the Iroquois are like the â€Å"Wolves in the Woods,† thus explaining the number of hostilities that have occurred between the Iroquois and the English in Virginia and Maryland. Chief among these hostilities involves the Iroquois abduction of five young Indians, who were in the service of the English. However, as it’s pointed out by the Iroquois chiefs, all is well now as the Iroquois nations involved in the abduction have promised to return the five young Indians to their rightful English owners. Presently, the Iroquois chiefs thank the Duke of York whose intervention on behalf of the Iroquois has prevented the hostilities with Virginia from escalating. And to assure that peace will prevail between the Iroquois and the English, the Iroquois chiefs promise to bring the tribe the Cahnawaas, who are native to Maryland, into the alliance. In conclusion, the Iroquois chiefs acknowledge that it will be difficult for the Iroquois to fully commit to the English and shake off the French influence which was especially strong among the Iroquois nations of the Onnondagas, the Cayugas, and the Oneydoes. The Iroquois chiefs mention a French Jesuit by the name of Milet who had attained the status of Sachem (leader) within the Oneydoes nation and whose influence was so great that the other nations failed to persuade Oneydoes to part with Milet. Indeed, for all their present antagonism to France and the French influence, the Iroquois chiefs admit that they have a grudging admiration for the French Jesuits who would dare to live among their enemies for the sake of carrying out their sworn

Examining the Effectiveness of Bicameralism Essay

Examining the Effectiveness of Bicameralism - Essay Example Bicameralism entails a legislature that is characterized by the division of legislators into two assemblies. This approach tends to have an influence on presidential and parliamentary systems. The presidential system would have the legislators elected directly by the separate chambers. A parliamentary system assumes a different approach as it is characterized by the presence of a lower and an upper chamber. The first chamber has the legislators elected directly while those in the second chamber can be elected directly or indirectly. The effectiveness of a bicameral system has been contended as some see it as a virtue of any constitutional design as another term it as a suggestion of weakness in any legislative system. Citing related literature, we can establish that bicameralism has a unique history and was established with an aim of balancing the needs of the majority and the minority, but the division can make deliberation of legislature slow and laborious. Bicameralism finds its roots in Europe where the likes of Aristotle suggested the need for a multi-chambered legislature. The logic behind Bicameralism was the fact that the society always has people on both extreme ends. The groups have unique features that are distinctively defined such that they should be represented separately. This notion became popular in medieval Europe, and many European countries were inspired to assume this direction (Tsebelis & Money, 2009).

Colonial and Revolutionary Eras in America Essay Example for Free

Colonial and Revolutionary Eras in America Essay The colonial and Revolutionary eras in America are not so chronologically distant, yet they are two very different times for America. These two eras are very important parts of America’s history. The transformation of colonial America to Revolutionary America is quick but drastic. To be a colonial American would mean solely relying on God. An American at that time would center their whole life around God. They believed they did not personally own anything. For example, in Anne Bradstreet’s poem â€Å"Upon a Burning House†, Anne implied that it was wrong to feel sorry for the loss of your house or family, because the Puritan belief was that everything is owned by God. Anne considered herself lucky because she was left with the most important thing of all; her life (Chin 78). Anne Bradstreet most captured my attention with her writing style and her pure love of God. Puritans believed that â€Å"if God should let you go, you would immediately sink and swiftly descend and plunge into the bottomless gulf† (Chin 103). It was easy for the British to keep people of the Puritan lifestyle under its crown because of their religious beliefs (Kiracofe) The Revolutionary era is when the colonists began to become more opinionated. The start of the Revolutionary era was when the British began taxing sugar. The sugar act lead to a boycott of buying all British imports. The Boycott put the British in great debt and was eventually repealed. At that point, the colonists discovered that they do have a say in their government. The people of America began relying on logistics and facts instead of their faith. This lead to the Revolutionary war, also called the War of Independence (Higginbotham). More and more people began speaking their mind, such as Phillis Wheatley, an African American who writes a Revolutionary piece of art, praising George Washington for fighting and leading in the Revolutionary war. The colonists began to become more and more individualized from the British. The whispers of rebellion turned into shouts after the Stamp Act. The farmers and merchants of America quickly transformed from strongly religious and peaceful men, into soldiers of the Revolutionary war. Colonial and Revolutionary Americans are two very different groups of people. The colonists were Puritans which means they were highly religiously dependent. Although the Revolutionary Americans did believe that there was a God and that he was on their side, they took their own initiative and fought for their freedom from Britain’s crown. If it were not for Revolutionary thinkers such as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, and the men who fought for this country, America would still be under the British laws and taxation. We would not have the rights and freedoms we have today. The Revolutionary war has made America for what it is today.

The Aztec Nation Essay -- essays research papers

The Aztec Nation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A distant sound is heard. It sounds like a deep drum being hit with a heavy instrument. You hear it again and strain your eyes in the direction of the sound. All around you is dense jungle. Snakes slither between your legs. You hear the sound once again. In front of you is a dense stand of ferns. You part them and look down into a wide open valley. The valley gets so wide and it is so green that it takes your breath away. But that is not what you are looking at. You are staring at a huge city with glittering buildings shining in the spring sunlight. Smoke rises up from some of the many houses. You can see and hear children playing in the wide open fields in front of the shining buildings. Lamas and chickens are being bough and sold. You see bags of gold jewelery being bought and sold. Beyond the market place you can watch a religious ceremony. You hear the scream of a person being sacrificed to one of the gods. Beyond the city there are roads made of stone and can als full of pedestrians and canoos. Who are these people and what are they doing here you wonder?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The above paragraph describes what an early explorer in Mexico might have seen between 1400 and 1500 AD. The Aztec nation is one of the largest and most advanced Indian nations to ever exist on earth. Just about every part of the Aztec life was advance to such a state that at that time of the world the people were living better than many European nations. The Aztec nation is unique in its history, economy, environment, and way of life then any other nation at that time. History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps fifteen to twenty-five thousand years ago, small bands of hunting-gathering peoples made their way across the land bridge that was the frozen Bering Strait, migrated southward through what is now Alaska, Canada, the United States, Central America, South America, and Mexico, settling along the way. One such hunting- gathering group settled in the Central Valley of what is now Mexico (Nicholson 1985). There is a long history of civilizations in the Central Valley of Mexico; as early as several centuries before Christ agricultural tribes had already settled, and by the birth of Christ had established as their great religious center Teotihuacà ¡n. The history of the Central Valley after circa the tenth century A.D. is o... ...;  Ã‚  Ã‚   1988. Hodge, Mary. and Michael E Smith. Economies and Polities in the Aztec Realm. Austin, Texas: University of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Texas Press, 1994. Leà ³n-Portilla, Miguel. The Aztec Image of Self and Society. Ed. J. Jorge Klow de Alva. Salt Lake City: University  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of Utah Press, 1992. Moctezuma, Eduardo Matos. The Great Temple of the Aztecs. Trans. Doris Heyden. New York: Thames and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hudson, Ltd., 1988. Nicholson, H.B. â€Å"Aztec† World Book Encyclopaedia. 1985 ed. Shepperd, Donna Walsh. The Aztecs. New York: F. Watts, 1992. Stuart, Gene S. The Mighty Aztecs. Washington: National Geographic, 1981. Weaver, Muriel Porter. The Aztecs, Maya, and Their Predecessors Archeology of Mesoamerica. New York:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seminar Press, 1972. Wolf, Leo. â€Å"The Axtecs: A tradition of Religious Human Sacrifice.† March 28, 1998. Available :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www2.hmc.edu/~sbootn/aztec.htm

Estella Essay

Estella, with her long brown hair and her beautiful complex was admired by many. While she was perceived as a beautiful young woman by Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham’s adopted daughter in the novel Great Expectations, was cold hearted due to Miss Havisham’s broken heart, not of her choosing. Estella, Pip’s love interest, shows her cold- heartedness both as a young girl and young woman. Estella stated â€Å"You must know that I have no heart† (Dickens ) to Pip the first time they met, revealing her cruel nature. In many cases Estella manipulates boys’ minds leaving them confused and defenseless. For example when she kisses Pip on one of their first visits, Pip’s love towards her grows. However, Estella continues to be cruel towards him by acting as if the kiss was meaningless. As she grows older Estella’s cruelty continues towards Pip, and right when Pip thought he might have had a chance, Estella was already married. Estella’s wicked ways towards Pip proves she is cold-hearted, but instead of running away he continues to be utterly in love with her. This hard heart was not inborn but instead it was developed from a young age. Estella is cruel and she was raised to be this way. Prior to her wedding, broken-hearted Miss Havisham adopted Estella. And the older Estella grew, the more she was taught to despise those of the opposite gender. For example when Pip had come over to play cards with Estella, Miss Havisham whispered into Eestella’s ear to break his heart. As the same message to be cruel carried on throughout her childhood, it no longer was what she needed to act as, but it was what she had become. Estella’s appearances may fool people but her cruelness overpowers her beauty in many ways. Although she may not have chosen to be this way, her cold- hearted thoughts and comments still hurt the people that love her, especially Pip. Estella may be kind at times but overall she is cold-hearted and very cruel to most people, leaving her despised by most.

Team Culture And Scale. Introduction . In The Global Business

Team Culture and Scale Introduction In the global business arena organizations which like to have wider representation and participation generally tend to recruit talented team members in its workforce regardless to their cultural origin. To remain competitive in the global economy organizations have no other alternative to this. When any workforce is blended with people of various cultures naturally the difference of their dispositions, actions, mind-sets, pattern of dialogue etc. becomes visible. In this situation without minimizing difference among co-workers healthy working environment cannot be ensured. In this essay it will be discussed what expectations of a multicultural team’s members to met for working together. Hypothetical†¦show more content†¦Each element of the scale shows how cultures differ along a range from one extraordinary conduct to its inverse. Cultures can then be set along this scale to accentuate the imperceptible limits amongst them and Meyer offers procedures for dealing with these fault lines. a) Communicating: This scale measures the degree to which a culture prefers low-context or high-context communication. In low-context cultures such as the U.S. communication is precise, simple, and explicit. Messages are expressed and understood at face value. Repetition and written conï ¬ rmation are appreciated, for transparency ’s sake. In high-context cultures such as India and China communication is sophisticated, nuanced, and layered. Reading between the lines is expected. Less is put in writing, and more is left to interpretation. b) Evaluating: It measures whether something distinct or having relative preference. The Americans direct with negative feedback. While the Indians and Chinese are circuitous about negative criticism c) Leading: This scale gauges the degree of respect and deference shown to authority ï ¬ gures, on a spectrum between the egalitarian and the hierarchical. The Americas are found to be egalitarian whereas Indians and Chinese are more hierarchical. d) Deciding: This scale explores diï ¬â‚¬erences between building group agreement and relying on one person to make decisions.. The Americans like to make decisions through group consensus. Whereas in India and China most decisions areShow MoreRelatedThe Tools And Skills Used By Managers Functioning815 Words   |  4 Pagesfunctioning in a business operating on a global scale. This essay will also touch on the impact of managers and their decisions on the globalization of business as a whole. Managers of today require aptitude in the use of technology, understanding of culture, and implementation of certain skillsets in order to be successful. 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A Look At The Main Goals Of Terrorism Essay - 1715 Words

Kristen Resh War and Peace Henderson A Look at the Main Goals of Terrorism While terrorism dates back to around 1 BCE, it has become much more prominent in our everyday lives within the past few decades. We are constantly worried about the next attack, when it is going to happen, and where it will be. Whether it is physical or cyber, terrorism is one of the top concerns for the United States. Although it is extremely difficult to define, the U.S. Department of Defense describes it as â€Å"the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological objectives† (Hoffman, 31). While it is hard for us to understand why someone would cause something as horrific as 9/11 or the Paris bombing, terrorists believe that they are doing good and helping the world. They are very methodical, have missions, rules and regulations, followers, and goals that they want to achieve. The goals of terrorism are to evoke fear, fight for religious, ideological, or political change, and to obtain worldwide recognition for what they have done. We all know that terrorism is one of the scariest parts of society today. There is always the chance of another attack happening and we often live in fear because of that. Just as the name states, the primary goal of terrorism is to create terror and get a reaction from the public. It is all aboutShow MoreRelatedTerrorism And The Global Terrorism Database Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) through the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) through the University of Maryland from 1970 through 1999 there were on average six terror attacks per day across the globe for this thirty year period resulting in about a 70,000 total attacks. 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These terrorists all resemble criminals with one major difference; they are dedicatedRead MoreThe Strategic Logic Of Suicide Terrorism Summary840 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Logic and Suicide Terrorism Suicide terrorism is frequently associated with irrational behavior. In the article â€Å"The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism† written by Robert A. Pape, he asserts that suicide terrorism are strategies of rational thinking. Furthermore, he claims that leaders of terrorist organizations utilize suicide terrorism, as a form of coercion. Thus, he characterizes suicide terrorism as a rational and strategic act amongst the leaders of terrorist organizations to achieveRead MoreThe Legal Definition Of Terrorism960 Words   |  4 Pagescitizens would define terrorism as using force to influence or change a political decision, â€Å"the legal definition of terrorism has very high importance† (Hodgson). 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Through this return to the Islamic fundamentals, the rights of women have been violated while acts of terrorism and suicides i ncrease. Also, there has been